江门市对外贸易经济合作局职能配置、内设机构和人员编制规定
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江门市对外贸易经济合作局职能配置、内设机构和人员编制规定
关于印发江门市对外贸易经济合作局 职能配置、内设机构和人员编制规定的通知 江府办［2004］84号
各市、区人民政府，市府直属各单位：
《江门市对外贸易经济合作局职能配置、内设机构和人员编制规定》已经市政府批准，现予印发。
江门市人民政府办公室
二○○四年七月十九日
江门市对外贸易经济合作局职能配置、内设机构和人员编制规定
根据江门市机构编制委员会《关于转发广东省机构编制委员会〈关于印发江门市人民政府机构改革方案的通知〉的通知》（江机编［2004］14号）和《关于印发〈江门市人民政府机构改革方案实施意见〉的通知》（江机编［2004］15号）精神，保留市对外贸易经济合作局。市对外贸易经济合作局是主管对外贸易经济合作、口岸和招商引资有关工作的市人民政府工作部门。
一、职能调整
划入的职能
1、原市经济贸易局承担的反倾销、反补贴和产业损害调查以及重要工业品、原材料进出口计划组织实施等与外经贸有关的职能。
2、原市发展计划局承担的农产品（粮食、棉花除外）进出口计划的组织实施职能。
二、主要职责
根据以上职能调整，市对外贸易经济合作局的主要职责是：
（一）贯彻执行国家对外贸易、经济合作、外商投资和口岸管理的政策、法规，参与草拟地方性的相关政策、管理办法，并组织实施。
（二）拟订和执行我市外经贸发展战略、中长期规划和年度指导性计划；分析国际经贸形势和我市进出口状况，提出总量平衡、结构调整等宏观调控建议；贯彻执行出口商品配额招标政策及实施办法，编报、下达进出口配额计划并组织实施；研究推行各种新贸易方式（含电子商务）。
（三）执行对外技术贸易、服务贸易以及鼓励技术和成套设备出口的政策、管理办法；管理技术引进、设备进口和国际招标，协调管理国家限制出口的技术和引进技术的复出口。
（四）参与制定外商投资的发展战略和中长期规划；审批或核报国家规定限额的外商投资和涉及配额、许可证管理的外商投资企业的设立；审批或核报国家规定限额的外商投资项目的合同、章程及其变更；检查监督外商投资企业执行有关法律、法规和合同、章程的情况；指导、管理招商引资和外商投资企业的进出口；分析外商投资情况，定期向人民政府报送有关动态。
（五）会同有关部门组织实施国家有关加工贸易的政策和管理办法；核准属市管理权限的加工贸易业务，宏观指导加工贸易工作；检查监督加工贸易企业执行国家有关政策、法规的情况；分析加工贸易发展情况，定期向市人民政府和省外经贸厅报送有关动态。
（六）负责对外经济合作工作，指导和监督对外承包工程、劳务合作、设计咨询等各项业务的管理。
（七）依照法律、法规核报或核准各类企业的进出口经营资格和国家货运代理资格；执行境外发展、投资的管理办法和具体政策，会同有关部门核报市内在境外开办企业（金融企业除外）并参与协调管理；负责境外带料加工装配企业经营企业人同外派的审批；管理外国和香港、澳门特别行政区、台湾地区常驻我市商务代表机构的核准业务；负责我市在境内外举办的各种外经贸交易会、展览会、展销会、洽谈会、招商活动等对外贸易经济活动的具体组织工作。
（八）拟订口岸建设发展规划和管理办法并组织实施，检查、督促口岸配套设施的建设；负责口岸的开放、关闭、调整的审核上报和组织落实工作；督促、检查口岸检查、检验单位按照分工，各司其责；协调处理口岸各单位的关系，指导各市口岸管理部门的工作；负责组织共建文明口岸活动，会同有关部门检查、处理重大涉外事件和严重违法违纪问题，解决查验单位工作、生活方面的实际困难。
（九）综合协调我市有关世界贸易组织事务的具体工作；负责反倾销、反补贴、保障措施及其他与进出口公平贸易相关工作的组织协调；组织产业损害调查；指导协调国内外对我市出口商品的反倾销、反补贴、保障措施的应诉及相关工作。
（十）指导国有外经贸行业有关商会、协会的工作。
（十一）承办市人民政府和省对外贸易经济合作厅交办的其他事项。
三、内设机构
根据上述职责，市对外贸易经济合作局设11个职能科（室）：
（一）办公室
负责重要会议的组织和会议决定事项的督办；负责重要文件的起草、政务信息的综合上报；负责公文处理、秘书业务、办公自动化、新闻报道、机要保密、文印通信、档案管理、机关安全保卫工作；负责外出参观学习活动的联系安排和访问本局的重要宾客的接待工作；负责局机关行政事务管理。
（二）计划财务科
负责编报外经贸中长期规划和年度进出口指导性计划及部分进出口商品配额、年度计划并协调组织实施；会同有关部门研究、落实涉及外经贸的外汇、税收、信贷、价格、保险等政策，参与外经贸出口退税管理；负责外贸宏观运行状况的监测、统计分析及信息发布工作；会同有关部门管理国家安排扶持外贸出口的各项外贸专项资金，提出对口岸建设资金和补助基金分配、使用的意见；负责局机关经费和内部财务审计工作，指导外经贸行业的财会业务。
（三）对外贸易发展科
拟订全市对外贸易发展战略、发展规划方案，提出促进对外贸易发展的建议；会同有关部门拟订开拓国际（境外）市场规划，研究和推广各种新贸易方式（含电子商务）；依照法律、法规核报或核准各类企业的进出口经营资格和国际货运代理资格；申办和组织赴国（境）外举办展销会、洽谈会；协办、监管境内各种外经贸交易会、展览会等。
指导海外市场开发、规范经营秩序；负责境外设立企业（机构）的审核和宏观管理工作；负责对境外承包工程、劳务合作，设计咨询项目的审核申报工作；负责进出口企业电子口岸的资料审核；处理对外经济合作有关重大事件。
（四）对外贸易管理科
管理进出口商品配额，组织实施出口配额招标，管理进出口许可证；负责纺织品配额许可、专用产地证的管理、打制和送签；负责易制毒化学品的进出口管理，管理进出口商品目录；管理出口商品商标注册登记后的有关事务；负责供应香港、澳门特别行政区鲜活商品的协调工作；联系进出口商会。
执行机电产品进出口政策、管理规章、中长期规划和年度配额的年度进口方案；贯彻执行进口机电产品招标规划和管理办法并组织实施；分析机电产品进出口情况并定期报送有关动态。
负责外经贸科技发展、技术进步和出口商品质量、品牌及标准化的协调管理；执行对外技术贸易的政策、管理规章以及鼓励技术和成套设备出口政策，协调管理技术和成套设备及高新技术产品的出口；管理技术引进、设备进口，参与国际招标。
（五）外资管理科
参与制订吸收外商投资的发展战略、中长期规划和年度指导性计划；参与拟订外商投资的政策、管理规章；审核或核报国家规定限额的外商投资项目的设立，核报外商投资项目的合同、章程及其变更；分析外商投资发展情况，定期向市人民政府和省外经贸厅报送有关动态并提出有关建议。
参与制订改善投资环境的政策措施；编制招商计划和招商目录。指导和协调招商引资促进工作；参与组织全市性的大型外经贸洽谈、招商引资、展销等重要活动。
（六）加工贸易科
宏观管理加工贸易工作，核准属市管理权限的加工贸易业务；分析加工贸易发展情况，定期向市人民政府和省外经贸厅报送有关动态；监督检查外商投资企业执行法律、法规和合同、章程的情况，会同有关部门对外商投资企业进行联合年检工作；指导、管理外商投资企业的进出口；管理外商投资企业进出口许可证配额；负责重要工业品、原材料进出口计划组织实施等有关的职能以及重要工业品自动进口许可证配额的管理；管理进口关税配额；编制外商直接投资年度计划，负责外商投资统计及分析。
（七）国家口岸科
负责一类口岸的开放、关闭及调整等业务的审核、申报和组织实施；负责组织制订和实施全市一类口岸的发展规划及配套建设计划；负责市直一类口岸综合管理，协调处理口岸现场发生的矛盾和问题，指导五邑各市一类口岸的综合管理工作；负责起草有关一类口岸的管理制度，会同有关部门组织和实施一类口岸查验方法和监管模式的改革；督促查验单位按照各自职责和规定，做好出入境人员、交通工具及其行李物品的监管和检查工作；检查、督促口岸经营单位制定、落实建设计划，改善配套设施；组织口岸单位对干部、职工进行涉外政策、纪律教育，会同有关部门对口岸重大涉外问题和严重违纪违法的情况进行检查，提出处理意见；负责市直一类口岸的安全检查和治安综合治理的组织、监督工作，保证口岸安全畅通；组织开展共建文明口岸活动，会同有关单位解决查验单位工作、生活方面的实际困难。
（八）地方口岸科
负责二类口岸的开设、关闭及调整的审核和综合管理；协调处理口岸现场发生的矛盾和问题；督促查验单位按照各自职责和规定，做好出入境人员、交通工具、货物监督管理、检查、检验；检查、督促口岸经营单位制定、落实口岸建设计划，改善配套设施；组织口岸单位对干部、职工进行涉外政策、纪律教育，会同有关部门对口岸重大涉外问题和严重违法违纪的情况进行检查，提出处理意见；组织开展共建文明口岸活动，会同有关单位解决查验单位工作、生活方面的实际困难。负责口岸业务综合统计工作。
（九）人事教育科
负责局机关及指导直属单位的机构编制、干部人事管理、纪检监察、培训教育、安全保卫和信访工作；会同机构编制主管部门审核呈报口岸查验单位机构设置和人员编制；组织参与国际商务专业人员的岗位资格考试和培训，协助有关部门开展国际商务专业技术资格的评审、考试工作；负责局机关人员的工资、医疗保险和计划生育管理工作；负责常驻人员的指标审核和管理工作。
（十）贸易促进科（挂中国国际贸易促进委员会江门市支会牌子）
负责组织、协调开展促进对外贸易、吸引外资、引进国外先进技术及各种形式的中外经济技术合作等活动；组织工商企业及有关团体出访考察；组织相关企业参加国内、外举办的展销会、展览会、经贸洽谈会、研讨会、新闻发布会等；承办出口商品原产地证明书以及出口发票等对外贸易单据的认证工作；联络海内外商社及工商团体，接待海外商社及经贸界人士的来访、考察；发展贸促会会员；提供有关外经贸方面的信息咨询服务；宣传我市投资环境，开展招商引资工作。
（十一）政策法规科（挂进出口公平贸易局牌子）
负责外贸法规政策的宣传、贯彻和实施；参与草拟地方性的相关政策、管理办法，并组织实施；负责行政复议、行政诉讼及相关的法律事务；指导和协调我市企业参加世贸组织其他成员方对我市出口商品的反倾销、反补贴和保障措施调查的应诉及相关工作；负责反倾销、反补贴和保障措施等案件的倾销幅度调查和产业损害调查，建立产业损害预警机制；指导并协调市内有关部门和相关中介组织产业安全方面的工作。
四、人员编制
市对外贸易经济合作局机关行政编制24名，事业编制26名（人员经费按行政编制供给）。其中局长1名，副局长4名，正副科长（主任）21名，调研员或助理调研员2名，主任科员和副主任科员11名。
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产业结构调节法初探
吕忠梅
一、产业结构调节法的概念及特征
产业结构调节法是关于促进产业结构合理化，规定各产业部门在社会经济发展中的地位和作用，确定国家进行宏观调控的基本手段的法律规范的总称。其目的在于对产业结构进行宏观调控，充分利用市场机制，促进资源合理配置，实现国民经济持续、快速、健康地发展。
国民经济是一个整体，合理的产业结构是国民经济健康发展的前提条件。为此，国家必须确定产业发展政策，对于战略产业以及其他产业规定必要的发展措施，对于伴随着经济和技术的发展而出现的生产资料和劳动力迅速转移的部门采取必要的调控手段，以实现产业结构的合理化。在建立社会主义市场经济体制的过程中，国家要充分培植各种要素市场，但市场的自然发育可能出现资源配置的盲目性，造成失误和浪费，这也需要国家运用宏观调控手段，在自觉运用市场规律的前提下，通过改变产业间的资源分配、或对某些产业的组织形式进行干预、或对某些产业的技术水平提出要求，以引导、指导、鼓励实现各产业部门间的资源合理配置，减少资源的浪费和盲目的市场竞争所可能造成的对国家整体利益的损害。可以说，无论是国民经济发展过程，还是社会主义市场经济体制的建立，都有对产业结构调节的要求，而规定产业结构调节关系的基本准则就是产业结构调节法。
产业调节在很大程度上是一个生产力问题，影响产业结构的因素又很多，随着经济、社会和科技的发展，产业结构越来越复杂，对其发展趋势的预见和掌握需要有高度的科学性和风险意识性，这些都决定着产业结构调节法具有其特殊性:
1、综合性。产业结构调节法作为国家宏观调控的重要法律，其调整对象、调整方法都具有显著的综合性特征。首先，产业结构调节的对象是一国国民经济的整体，涉及到资源配置、劳动力配置及投资规模方向等重大的宏观调控问题，产业结构调节法的调整对象则是在以上重大宏观调控活动中所产生的各种社会关系，这些关系中主体多样、层次结构复杂，具有综合性；其次，由于调整对象的综合性，为实现产业结构调节法促进资源合理配置和经济持续、稳定、健康增长的目的，必然要求采取综合性的调整方法，运用综合调控手段。
2、指导性。从立法结构上讲，产业结构调节法应属于宏观调控法中的龙头法，它对于整个宏观调控立法具有指导意义。产业结构调节法所规定的立法目标和原则，以及它所建立的各项基本制度、调控手段等对于其他宏观调控立法都具有指导意义，这也是由于产业结构调节法调整对象的特殊性质所决定的。产业结构调节法实际上是协调规划、计划、财政、金融、价格、外贸等调控手段的综合性法律，它所涉及的都是直接的社会公共利益整体，因此它也必须对整个宏观调控法具有指导性。
3、协调性。现代市场经济的发展要求国家及其代表者政府的经济作用成为维护和保护有效的市场经济运行、引导和促进社会经济发展的一种内在条件和有机组成部分，要求对产业结构的法律调整成为现代市场经济法律体系的基本内容，进而要求产业结构调节法成为协调市场调节机制与国家调节机制的重要法律之一。产业结构的合理化、资源的合理配置以及国民经济增长后劲的强弱都涉及到多种因素，产业结构调节法正是通过科学的预测和决策来调控市场的运行，克服市场机制的自发性、盲目性，协调局部与整体的关系，协调经济与环境保护的关系，协调个体利益与社会公共利益的关系。
4、灵活性。随着经济与科技的不断发展，产业结构日趋复杂，过去合理的产业结构可能变为经济继续发展的严重障碍，支持过去产业结构的基本理论也可能被新的经济和社会发展所摈弃，这就需要建立新的产业结构，寻求支持新的产业结构的新理论。这些变化反映到法律上，就必然要求对原有的法律进行修改和调整，以适应新的经济增长的需要。根据一定时期内经济发展的整体目标确定不同的产业政策，在立法上突出不同的调控方法是产业结构调节法的又一特点。
二、产业结构调节法的基本原则
产业结构调节法的原则是指贯穿在整个产业结构调节法中的基本指导思想，也是产业结构调节法规范所必须遵循和贯彻的基本准则。它起着维系、保证产业结构调节法的统一、协调与稳定作用。归纳起来，产业结构调节法的基本原则包括：
（一）决策原则
决策原则就是要求在国民经济管理中，根据经济预测和评价，提出选择方案，用系统的观点加以分析、比较，以选出最佳方案，由国家或政府作出意思表示并对此负责。
现代社会经济的发展，使得产业调节方案的选择既重要又困难，影响的因素越来越多。为了实现某一目标，可供选择的方案很多，但确定方案的风险很大。战后英国工业发展以发展纺织、采矿、造船、冶金等传统部门为主，尽管这些产业原来有优势，结果都延缓了英国经济的发展速度和现代化步伐，这是选择产业结构调整方案失败的例子；日本战后则由于选择战略产业比较正确而促进了经济的迅速发展。由此可见决策的重要作用。
进行科学的决策，必须要有科学的决策机构和决策程序。决策必须是建立在科学的基础之上，必须有大量的基础性资料和准确的预测评价，绝非个人意志和主观臆断、不负责任的独断专行，也不是朝令夕改、变化多端、揣摸不定的"土政策"。决策一经作出，就必须落实，产生相应的法律效力。决策者必须对其决策行为负责，决策失误应承担相应的法律责任。
产业结构调节法就是要通过规定国家或政府在宏观调控中的地位、作用、职责权限、法律责任以规范决策行为，保证决策的科学性、稳定性和权威性。
（二）平衡原则
平衡原则是指将国民经济的各种人力、物力、财力的资源和需要的有关比例，进行定量分析并进行调整，达到相互适应、协调同步，这是产业结构合理配置的基本要求。平衡是互相促进，而不是互相扯后腿；是相互制约，而不是相互扯皮；是顾全大局，而不是本位主义。它要求在国民经济和社会发展总体上有综合平衡，国家在经济管理中要做到资源、劳力、财政、信贷、物资、外汇以及生态等内部平衡和它们之间各个方面之间的相互平衡，并且这种平衡是动态的、开放性的相对平衡。
建立社会主义市场经济体制，产业调节的灵魂是平衡，是注重资源的合理配置和优化组合，以充分发挥整体资源效益。过去相当长时期，我们片面追求工农业生产的发展速度，提出过比例服从速度等错误主张，导致国民经济比例失调和经济效益低下，由于过分重视工业而忽视农业、过分重视重工业而忽视轻工业，导致了轻重比例失调；由于重生产轻流通，而未将商业、服务业放在应有的地位上，使得商业、服务业长期落后。现在这些失误大都已经得到克服，有的也正在纠正，但教训是深刻的，必须全面地加以总结和分析，寻求平衡的有效途径。
产业结构调节法正是从两方面坚持平衡原则，首先是确定国家产业结构合理配置的基本方法和途径，确定平衡的基本内容；其次是规定各法律关系主体的活动范围和权限，规定各种产业的地位和作用，从整体上把握平衡，保证国民经济全局的稳定和健康发展。
（三）调整原则
调整原则是指国家自觉地、主动地对国民经济发展速度、规模、比例等方面的关系进行调节和制约，并通过立法将一定历史时期的产业调节重点体现出来。调整是产业结构调节法最经常也是最基本的手段，是产业结构调节法的主要任务。可以说，没有调整就没有产业结构调节法。
宏观调控法在其产生之初是以危机对策法的形式出现的，具有明显的临时性和外在性。但随着经济社会化程度的不断提高，国家或政府的经济作用不再仅仅止于临时对付经济危机，进而成为一种常在的和长期的社会经济机能，并渗透于市场经济机制之中。至今，政府在市场经济中的作用，已成为维护和保障有效的市场经济运行，引导和促进社会经济发展的一种内在条件和有机组成部分。大量的、长期存在的经济立法成为国家自觉地、主动地调控经济运行的经常手段。它灵活地运用产业调节法律规范，直接确定不同时期、不同条件下的产业结构政策，影响国民经济发展的规模和速度，保障长期稳定的增长。
保证国民经济的协调、长期稳定的持续增长，必须实行调整原则，从战略布署、综合平衡、分配比例等各方面进行调整。这种调整不是头痛医头、脚痛医脚，更不是出现了问题以后的临时措施，而是一种政府经常的、连续性的行为，既要保持相对稳定，又要给以灵活的调节和制约。调节和制约的目的是为了扬长避短、兴利除弊，以使国民经济保持旺盛的活力，既不大起大落、忽高忽低，也能及时发现和克服潜在的危险。
三、产业结构调节法的基本制度
产业结构调节法的价值目标是通过对产业结构的宏观调控，充分利用市场机制，促进资源合理配置，实现国民经济持续、稳定、健康地增长。为实现此目标，产业结构调节法必须建立相应的法律制度，这些制度主要包括：
（一）整体产业结构规划制度
整体产业结构规划是国家或政府根据一定时期内社会经济发展的情况提出的产业结构的长期设想。在完全的市场机制作用下，产业结构也会自发地形成并发展到高级化阶段，欧美国家在过去大多经过了这样的历程，但它们的产业结构高级化过程长期曲折，而且付出了极大的代价；因而，有些后起国家尤其是日本在经济起步时即按照欧美国家已形成的产业结构，自觉地规划自己的产业结构从低级到高级发展的步骤和措施，从而以较小的代价和较短的时间完成了产业结构高级化的进程。我国在过去计划经济体制下也有关于产业结构的规划，但那些规划是在产品经济条件下进行的，与发展社会主义市场经济的要求不相适应。如何按照市场经济的要求制定产业结构规划？是我们面临的新问题。
整体产业结构规划制度是法律所规定的关于产业结构整体规划工作的原则、程序、权利、义务和法律责任等规范。整体产业结构规划是直接影响到国民经济和社会发展整体的事业，它是牵涉到国民经济各部门、各环节的综合性工作，规划涉及的内容复杂、范围广泛，因此，必须通过法律规范规划工作的程序，明确各主体的权利义务，并规定相应的法律责任以保证规划的实施。
（二）保护、扶植战略产业制度
战略产业是一国为实现产业结构高级化目标所选定的对于国民经济发展具有重要意义的具体产业部门。这些部门是各国根据不同的经济和技术发展水平和对未来经济技术发展的预见来确定的。保护扶持战略产业是各国实现产业结构合理化的一项重要措施。
保护扶持战略产业的法律制度是关于确定战略产业的标准、程序以及保护和扶持战略产业的法律措施和手段的总和。
战略产业的确定是保护和扶植的前提，而依不同的经济理论又可以提出不同的标准。国家要根据社会经济发展的整体规划和需要来制定相应的标准，以规范形式界定战略产业。一般而言，国家选定的战略产业应是对国民经济的稳定持续发展具有重要意义的产业，主要包括：1、新兴产业，即那些在新技术基础上发展起来的朝阳型产业；2、成长产业，即那些由于技术革新而飞跃发展，并在国民经济中举足轻重的传统产业；3、出口产业，即已经或可能发展的具有国际竞争能力的那些产业。
战略产业确定以后，必须采取相应的保护和扶植措施，以促进战略产业的高速发展，实现产业结构的合理化、高级化。这就需要通过制定一系列法律，具体地规定保护和扶植战略产业的手段和措施。这些手段和措施通常表现为各种贸易保护、投资优先、税收优惠、技术引进措施，且以单行法或个别法的形式出现。如日本的《企业合理化促进法》、《租税特别措施法》、我国的《国家高新技术产业开发区高新技术企业认定条件和办法》等。
需要说明的是，有些新兴产业和成长产业经过一段时间的发展就可能转变为衰退产业，成为调整和援助的对象，这样就需要不断地确定新的战略产业，并制定相应的保护、扶植措施。因此，这一类法律通常是个别法而且实施具有一定的时间性。
（三）调整、援助衰退产业制度
衰退产业即所谓的夕阳产业，一般是指经过一段时间发展后出现衰退或处于困境中的产业。这些产业对于国民经济的整体发展还具有一定的意义，对于社会的安定也有不可忽视的作用，因此，必须采取调整和援助措施以维持其发展。日本在战后最早出现的衰退产业是煤炭业，以后是纺织业、造船业、有色金属业、石油化工业等等，对此，日本制定了各种调整和援助法律。调整、援助衰退产业制度就是法律规定的关于发展和调整、援助衰退产业的各种手段和措施的总和。
及早发现已经和行将陷入衰退的产业，及时采取措施进行救援和调整，以减少经济损失和社会动乱是调整、援助衰退产业制度的基本目标。因此，有必要根据不同产业的不同特点制定相应的法律，实行各种援助政策，调整设备、调整内部结构，促使其顺利地缩减过剩设备，缩小规模和顺利转移资本与劳力，实行整体产业结构的不断调整。
对于衰退产业的调整和援助虽然不是一国产业结构调节法的重点，但由于衰退产业直接影响到整个国民经济发展速度和经济效益，更重要的是它直接影响到社会的安定，因而是各国普遍重视的一个问题。衰退产业的顺利调整是劳动力和资本合理流动的必要条件，也是产业结构向合理化高级化发展的必经过程，因此，关于衰退产业的调整、援助措施的选择也就十分重要而且迫切。
（四）促进产业结构合理化的其他相关制度
影响产业结构合理化的因素很多，促进产业结构合理化也必须有相应的配套措施，其中最主要的制度有：
1、技术进步制度
产业结构高级化必须具备两个条件：即资金能力和技术结构的高级化，可以说产业结构高级化的核心是技术结构的高级化。因此，国家的技术发展战略以及相应的技术进步法律制度都必须以适应和促进产业结构的合理化和高级化为立法目标。
2、能源结构调整制度
能源作为最基本的生产资料之一，对经济发展的作用不容置疑。一国的能源结构与产业结构也是直接相关的。一些国家能源消费结构经历了以煤炭为主向石油为主的转换过程，产业结构也相应发生了重要的变化。由于这两者之间的关系密切，各国都十分注意采取有利于产业结构合理化的能源调整制度，如发展节能型产业，尽可能利用廉价能源，节省资本和劳动的投放，以提高劳动生产率等。
3、区域开发制度
区域开发是关于一定区域内经济和社会发展的整体布局，具体而言是确定一定区域的功能和发展目标，统一考虑工业、农业、城市、乡村、生产和生活等各个方面的统筹安排。区域开发中的生产力布局也是与产业结构设置直接相关的问题。如发展规模经济必须要求有相对集中的工业布局，但是工业过于集中又会引发人口密集、城市急剧膨胀、环境污染等一系列问题。如何合理布局也就成为产业结构调节法所必须考虑的因素之一。
4、环境保护制度
国务院
中华人民共和国测绘成果管理规定(附英文)
（1989年3月21日中华人民共和国国务院令第32号公布 自1989年5月1日起施行）
规定
第一条 为加强对则绘成果的管理，保证测绘成果的合理利用，提高测绘工作的经济效益和社会效益，更好地为社会主义现代化建设服务，制定本规定。
第二条 本规定所称测绘成果，是指在陆地、海洋和空间测绘完成的下列基础测绘成果和专业测绘成果：
（一）天文测量、大地测量、卫星大地测量、重力测量的数据和图件；
（二）航空和航天遥感测绘底片、磁带；
（三）各种地图（包括地形图、普通地图、地籍图、海图和其他有关的专题地图等）；
（四）工程测量数据和图件；
（五）其他有关地理数据；
（六）与测绘成果直接有关的技术资料等。
第三条 国务院测绘行政主管部门主管全国测绘成果的管理和监督工作，并负责组织全国基础测绘成果及其有关专业测绘成果的接收、搜集、整理、储存和提供使用。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门主管本行政区域内测绘成果的管理和监督工作，并负责组织本行政区域内基础测绘成果以及有关专业测绘成果的接收、搜集、整理、储存和提供使用。
国务院有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府有关部门负责本部门专业测绘成果的管理工作。
军队测绘主管部门负责军事部门测绘成果的管理工作。
第四条 测绘成果应当实行科学管理，建立健全规章制度，运用现代科学技术手段，及时、准确、安全、方便地提供使用。
第五条 测绘成果应当根据公开（公开使用、公开出版）和未公开（内部使用、保密）的不同性质，按照国家有关规定进行管理。
第六条 基础测绘成果保密等级的划分、调整和解密，经国务院测绘行政主管部门会同军队测绘主管部门商国家及军队保密主管部门决定后，由国务院测绘行政主管部门发布。
专业测绘成果保密等级的划分、调整和解密，由有关专业测绘成果管理部门确定，并报同级测绘行政主管部门备案；其密级不得低于原使用的地理底图和其他基础测绘成果的密级。
各部门、各单位使用保密测绘成果，必须按照国家保密法规进行管理。保密测绘成果确需公开使用的，必须按照国家规定进行解密处理。
保密测绘成果的销毁，应当经测绘成果使用单位的县级以上主管部门负责人批准，严格进行登记、造册和监销，并向提供该成果的管理机构备案。
第七条 国务院有关部门和地方有关部门完成的基础测绘成果以及有关专业测绘成果，必须依照规定按年度分别向国务院测绘行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门汇交下列成果目录或者副本：
（一）天文测量、大地测量、卫星大地测量、重力测量的数据和图件的目录及副本（一式一份）；
（二）航空、航天遥感测绘底片和磁带的目录（一式一份）；
（三）地形图、普通地图、地籍图、海图、其他重要专题地图的目录（一式一份）；
（四）正式印制的各种地图（一式两份）；
（五）有关重大工程测量的数据和图件目录（一式一份）。
第八条 外国人经中华人民共和国政府或者其授权部门批准，在中华人民共和国境内及境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内单独测绘或者与中华人民共和国有关部门合作测绘的成果，依据本规定进行管理，其成果的所有权属分别为：
（一）外国人或者外国人与中华人民共和国有关部门合作在中华人民共和国境内测制的测绘成果，均属中华人民共和国所有；
（二）外国人与中华人民共和国有关部门合作在中华人民共和国境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内测制的测绘成果，应当在不违反本规定的前提下，由双方按合同规定分享；
（三）外国人在中华人民共各国境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内测制的测绘成果，必须向中华人民共和国测绘行政主管部门提供全部测绘成果的副本或者复制件。
第九条 需要使用其他省、自治区、直辖市的基础测绘成果的单位，必须持本省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门的公函，向该成果所在省、自治区、直辖市的测绘行政主管部门办理使用手续。
需要使用其他省、自治区、直辖市专业测绘成果的单位，按专业成果所属部门规定的办法执行。
第十条 军事部门需要使用政府部门测绘成果的，由总参谋部测绘主管部门或者大军区、军兵种测绘主管部门，通过国务院测绘行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门统一办理。
政府部门或者单位需要使用军事部门测绘成果的，由国务院测绘行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门，通过总参谋部测绘主管部门或者大军区、军兵种测绘主管部门统一办理。
第十一条 测绘行政主管部门应当对本行政区域内测制的测绘成果负责质量监督管理。
各有关部门和单位测制的测绘成果，必须经过检查验收，质量合格后方能提供使用。
第十二条 测绘成果实行有偿提供。有偿提供测绘成果的办法和收费标准由国务院测绘行政主管部门商有关测绘成果的管理部门后，会同国务院物价行政主管部门另行规定。
第十三条 测绘成果不得擅自复制、转让或者转借。确需复制、转让或者转借测绘成果的，必须经提供该测绘成果的部门批准；复制保密的测绘成果，还必须按照原密级管理。
受委托完成的测绘成果，受托单位未经委托单位同意不得复制、翻印、转让、出版。
第十四条 国务院有关部门对外提供中华人民共和国未公开的测绘成果，必须报经国务院测绘行政主管部门批准。地方有关部门和单位对外提供中华人民共和国未公开的测绘成果，必须报经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门批准。为了确保重要军事设施的安全保密，各送
审单位对外提供未公开的测绘成果的具体办法，按国务院的有关规定执行。
第十五条 中华人民共和国境内及境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内的重要地理数据（包括位置、高程、深度、面积、长度等），应当经国务院测绘行政主管部门审核报国务院批准后，由国务院或者其授权部门发布。
第十六条 对测绘成果管理做出重大贡献或者显著成绩的单位和个人，予以表扬或者奖励。
第十七条 测绘成果质量不合格给用户造成损失的，由该测绘成果的测绘单位赔偿直接经济损失，并负责补测或者重测；情节严重的，由测绘行政主管部门处以罚款或者取消其相应的测绘资格。
第十八条 有下列行为之一的单位，按以下规定，给予行政处罚：
（一）对违反国家规定的测绘成果收费标准，擅自提价收取测绘成果费用的，依照《中华人民共和国价格管理条例》的规定没收其非法所得，可以并处相当于非法所得金额三至五倍的罚款；
（二）对发生重大测绘成果泄密事故的，由测绘行政主管部门给予通报批评，并按本规定第十九条规定追究单位负责人的责任。
（三）对未经提供测绘成果的部门批准，擅自复制、转让或者转借测绘成果的，由测绘行政主管部门给予通报批评，可以并处罚款。
第十九条 有下列行为之一的个人，由其所在单位或者该单位的上级主管机关给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任：
（一）丢失保密测绘成果，或者造成测绘成果泄密事故的；
（二）未按本规定第十四条规定履行报批手续，擅自对外提供未公开的测绘成果的；
（三）测绘成果管理人员不履行职责，致使测绘成果遭受重大损失，或者擅自提供未公开的测绘成果的；
（四）测绘成果丢失或者泄密造成严重后果以及对造成测绘成果丢失或者泄密事故不查处的单位负责人。
第二十条 当事人对行政处罚决定不服的，可以在接到处罚通知次日起十五日内，向作出处罚决定部门的上级行政主管部门申请复议；对复议决定不服的，可以在接到复议决定次日起十五日内，向人民法院起诉；当事人也可以在接到处罚通知次日起十五日内，直接向人民法院起诉，期满不起诉又不执行的，由作出处罚决定的行政主管部门申请人民法院强制执行。
第二十一条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院有关部门和军队，可以依照本规定结合实际制定实施办法。
第二十二条 本规定由国务院测绘行政主管部门负责解释。
第二十三条 本规定自1989年5月1日起施行。
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE AD-MINISTRATION OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN SURVEY AND DRAWING
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE AD-
MINISTRATION OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN SURVEY AND DRAWING
(Promulgated by Decree No. 32 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on March 21, 1989 and effective as of May 1, 1989)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated with a view to strengthening the
administration of achievements in survey and drawing, ensuring the
rational use of achievements in survey and drawing, and increasing the
economic and social benefits of survey and drawing so as to render a
better service in socialist modernization.
Article 2
The "achievements in survey and drawing", as mentioned in these
Provisions, refer to the following achievements in basic survey and
drawing and in specialized survey and drawing that are completed on land,
at seas and oceans, and in space:
(1) the data and pictures from astronomical survey, geodetic survey,
geodetic survey completed on artificial satellites, and gravitational
survey;
(2) the data, recorded on negatives and magnetic tapes, that are collected
from aerial survey and airborne remote sensing survey;
(3) various kinds of maps (including topographic maps, ordinary maps, land
registry maps, sea charts, and other relevant specialized maps);
(4) the data and pictures from engineering survey;
(5) other relevant geographical data; and
(6) technical data directly related to achievements in survey and drawing.
Article 3
The competent authorities for the administration of survey and drawing
under the State Council shall be in charge of the administration of and
supervision over the achievements in survey and drawing of the whole
country, and shall also be responsible for the organizational work for the
reception, collection, sorting out, storage, and provision for use, on a
nationwide scale, of the achievements in basic survey and drawing and the
relevant achievements in specialized survey and drawing. The competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under the
people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be in charge of
the administration of and supervision over the achievements in survey and
drawing within their respective administrative areas, and shall also be
responsible for the organizational work for the reception, collection,
sorting out, storage, and provision for use, within their respective
administrative areas, of the achievements in basic survey and drawing and
the relevant achievements in specialized survey and drawing.
The departments concerned under the State Council and the departments
concerned under the People's governments of various provinces, autonomous
regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be
responsible for the administration of the achievements in specialized
survey and drawing of their respective departments. The competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing in the armed
forces shall be responsible for the administration of the achievements in
survey and drawing in military departments.
Article 4
With respect to achievements in survey and drawing, scientific
administration shall be practised, rules and regulations be instituted and
perfected and modern scientific and technical means be employed so as to
provide the achievements for timely, accurate, safe and convenient use.
Article 5
The achievements in survey and drawing shall, in light of their different
natures-those open to the public (i.e. to be openly used, or openly
published), and those kept from the public (i.e. to be used only within
restricted departments, or kept confidential), be administered in
accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.
Article 6
The security classification, readjustment, and declassification of
achievements in basic survey and drawing shall be promulgated by the
competent authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under
the State Council after the competent authorities for the administration
of survey and drawing under the State Council and the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing in the armed
forces have jointly consulted with the competent authorities for guarding
secrets of both the State and the armed forces.
The security classification, readjustment, and declassification of
achievements in specialized survey and drawing shall be determined by the
department concerned for the administration of achievements in specialized
survey and drawing and they shall also be reported to the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing at the same level
for the record; and their classes of security shall not be lower than
those of the originally used geographical base maps and of other
achievements in basic survey and drawing.
Various departments and units must, in using classified achievements in
survey and drawing, carry out administration in accordance with the
relevant laws and regulations of the State on guarding secrets. In the
event that classified achievements in survey and drawing have to be used
openly, they must go through the process of declassification in accordance
with the relevant regulations of the State.
The destruction of classified achievements in survey and drawing shall be
approved by the person in charge of the competent authorities at or above
the county level of the user unit of the said achievements in survey and
drawing. The classified achievements in survey and drawing to be destroyed
shall be duly registered and recorded, and then destroyed under
supervision; and the destruction shall also be reported, for the record,
to the administrative department that had provided the said achievements.
Article 7
With respect to the achievements in basic survey and drawing and the
relevant achievements in specialized survey and drawing made by the
departments concerned under the State Council and by the local departments
concerned, the departments mentioned above must submit annually, in
accordance with pertinent provisions, to the competent authorities for the
administration of survey and drawing under the State Council or to the
competent authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under
the people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, a catalogue or its
duplicate listing the following achievements:
(1) a catalogue and its duplicate (one copy of each) of the data and
pictures from astronomical survey, geodetic survey, geodetic survey
completed on artificial satellites, and gravitational survey;
(2) a catalogue (one copy) of the data, recorded on negatives and magnetic
tapes, that are collected from aerial survey and airborne remote sensing
survey;
(3) a catalogue (one copy) of topographic maps, ordinary maps, land
registry maps, sea charts, and other important specialized maps;
(4) various kinds of officially printed maps (in duplicate);
(5) a catalogue (one copy) of the data and pictures collected from survey
of important engineering projects.
Article 8
The achievements - made in survey and drawing by foreigners independently
or in cooperation with the departments concerned of the People's Republic
of China, within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or
outside the land territory of China, in the sea areas that are under the
jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, with the approval of the
government of the People's Republic of China or the approval of a
department authorized by it - shall be administered in accordance with
these Provisions. The proprietary rights of the aforesaid achievements
are stipulated as follows:
(1) the achievements made in survey and drawing by foreigners
independently or in cooperation with the departments concerned of the
People's Republic of China within the territory of the People's Republic
of China shall all belong to the People's Republic of China;
(2) the achievements made in survey and drawing by foreigners in
cooperation with the departments concerned of the People's Republic of
China, outside the land territory of China, in the sea areas under the
jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall, on the premise of
not violating these Provisions, be shared between the two parties
concerned in accordance with the stipulations in the relevant contract;
(3) with respect to those achievements made in survey and drawing by
foreigners independently outside the land territory of the People's
Republic of China, in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's
Republic of China, the aforesaid foreigners must provide the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing of the People's
Republic of China with a duplicate or a reproduction of all the
achievements made in their survey and drawing.
Article 9
Where a unit has the necessity to make use of the achievements in basic
survey and drawing made by other provinces, autonomous regions, or
municipalities directly under the Central Government, the said unit shall
go through the procedures for the use of the aforesaid achievements in
survey and drawing by presenting an official letter written by the
competent authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and
drawing of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under
the Central Government where the unit is located, to the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the
Central Government where the achievements have been made.
Where a unit has the necessity to make use of the achievements in
specialized survey and drawing of other provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, the case shall be
handled in accordance with the procedures stipulated by the department,
under whose administration the aforesaid achievements in specialized
survey and drawing are placed.
Article 10
Where a military department has the necessity to make use of the
achievements in survey and drawing made by government departments, the
case shall be handled in a unified manner by the competent authorities for
the administration of achievements in survey and drawing under the
Headquarters of the General Staff, or by the competent authorities for the
administration of achievements in survey and drawing under military region
or the services, in cooperation with the competent authorities for the
administration of achievements in survey and drawing under the people's
governments of the various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government. Where a government
department or a unit has the necessity to make use of the achievements in
survey and drawing made by military departments, the case shall be handled
by the competent authorities for the administration of achievements in
survey and drawing under the State Council, or by the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
under the people's governments of the various provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under Central Government, in
cooperation with the competent authorities for the administration of
achievements in survey and drawing under the Headquarters of the General
Staff, or with the competent authorities for the administration of
achievements in survey and drawing under military region or the services.
Article 11
The competent authorities for the administration of achievements in survey
and drawing shall be responsible for the quality control and
administration of the achievements in survey and drawing made within the
boundaries of their own administrative areas. The achievements in survey
and drawing made by the various departments and units concerned must be
subject to the procedures for checking up and acceptance; and only those
which are up to the standard shall be provided for use.
Article 12
The provisions of achievements in survey and drawing shall be non-
gratuitous. The procedures and the rate of fees for the non-gratuitous
provision of achievements in survey and drawing shall be stipulated
separately, after consultation with the administrative department for the
achievements in survey and drawing in question, by the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
under the State Council in conjunction with the competent authorities for
the administration of commodity prices.
Article 13
Achievements in survey and drawing shall not be duplicated, transferred or
lent out without permission. Where it is truly necessary to duplicate,
transfer or lend out achievements in survey and drawing, the approval from
the department that is to provide the needed achievements in survey and
drawing must be obtained; where the classified achievements in survey and
drawing are duplicated, they must be subjected to the administration
corresponding to the original security class.
As regards achievements in survey and drawing made through entrustment by
unit, the trustee unit may not duplicate, reprint, transfer, or publish
the said achievements without the permission of the entrusting unit.
Article 14
When a department concerned under the State Council provides a foreign
party with achievements in survey and drawing of the People's Republic of
China that have not yet become open, the said department must submit the
case, for approval, to the competent authorities for the administration of
achievements in survey and drawing. When a local department or unit
concerned provides a foreign party with achievements in survey and drawing
of the People's Republic of China that have not yet become open, the said
department or unit must submit the case, for approval, to the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
under the people's government of a province, an autonomous region, or a
municipality directly under the Central Government. In order to safeguard
the security and secrets of important military installations, the specific
measures for all units which submit for examinations any achievements in
survey and drawing to be provided for the use of a foreign party and that
have not yet become open shall comply with the pertinent provisions of the
State Council.
Article 15
The important geographical data (including position, altitude, depth,
area, and length) collected in the territory of the People's Republic of
China and in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic
of China, shall be submitted, for examination and verification, to the
competent authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and
drawing under the State Council, and then to the State Council for
approval before they are published by the State Council or by its
authorized agencies.
Article 16
Units and individuals that have made great contributions to, or achieved
remarkable results in, the administration of achievements in survey and
drawing shall be commended or rewarded.
Article 17
If the inferior quality of the achievements in survey and drawing has
resulted in losses on the part of the user, the unit that has undertaken
the said survey and drawing shall compensate for the direct economic
losses mentioned above, and be responsible for conducting supplementary
survey and drawing; if the case is serious, the competent authorities for
the administration of achievements in survey and drawing shall impose a
fine on the said unit or revoke its corresponding qualifications for
survey and drawing.
Article 18
Any unit that has committed one of the following acts shall be given
administrative sanctions in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) with respect to a unit which, in violation of the state provisions on
the rate of fees for the provision of achievements in survey and drawing,
has raised and collected without authorization the charges for
achievements in survey and drawing, the illegal gains of the said unit
shall be confiscated in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations
of the People's Republic of China on the Control of Prices, and a fine
equal to 3 to 5 times the said illegal gains may be imposed concurrently;
(2) with respect to a unit which has been held responsible for a major
divulgence of classified achievements in survey and drawing, the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
shall issue a circular criticizing the said unit, and the responsibilities
of the person-in-charge of the said unit shall be investigated in
accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of these Provisions;
(3) with respect to a unit which has duplicated, transferred, or lent out
achievements in survey and drawing without the approval from the
department that provides the said achievements, the competent authorities
for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing shall issue a
circular criticizing the said unit, and a fine may also be imposed
concurrently.
Article 19
An individual who has committed any of the following acts shall be given
administrative sanction by the unit where he/she works, or by its higher
competent authorities; if the act has constituted a crime, the criminal
responsibilities of the offender shall be investigated by judicial organs
according to law:
(1) an individual who has lost classified achievements in survey and
drawing, or who is held responsible for the divulgence of secret
achievements in survey and drawing;
(2) an individual who, in violation of the stipulation in Article 14 of
these Provisions regarding the procedures for examination and approval,
has provided without permission a foreign party with achievements in
survey and drawing that have not yet become open;
(3) the administrative personnel who have failed to carry out their duties
in safeguarding achievements in survey and drawing and caused great losses
or damage to the achievements in survey and drawing; or they have
provided, without permission, those achievements that have not yet become
open;
(4) an individual who has lost achievements in survey and drawing or
divulged secrets in this regard and caused serious consequences, and the
person-in-charge of the unit who fails to investigate and deal with such
incidents.
Article 20
If a party concerned refuses to accept the decision on administrative
sanction, he/she may, within 15 days from the next day of the receipt of
the notification on the administrative sanction, apply for reconsideration
to the competent administrative department at a higher level than the
department that has made the said administrative sanction; if the said
party does not accept the decision made after the reconsideration, he/she
may, within 15 days from the next day of the receipt of the
reconsideration decision, bring a suit before a people's court; the party
concerned may also directly bring a suit before a people's court within 15
days beginning from the second day of the receipt of the sanction
decision; if the party concerned neither brings a suit before the court,
nor carries out the sanction decision, the competent administrative
department that made the sanction decision shall apply to the people's
court for compulsory enforcement.
Article 21
The people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, the departments
concerned under the State Council, and the armed forces may formulate
rules for the implementation of these Provisions in accordance with these
Provisions and in the light of their respective conditions.
Article 22
The rights to interpret these Provisions shall reside in the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under the State
Council.
Article 23
These Provisions shall go into effect on May 1, 1989.
吕忠梅
一、产业结构调节法的概念及特征
产业结构调节法是关于促进产业结构合理化，规定各产业部门在社会经济发展中的地位和作用，确定国家进行宏观调控的基本手段的法律规范的总称。其目的在于对产业结构进行宏观调控，充分利用市场机制，促进资源合理配置，实现国民经济持续、快速、健康地发展。
国民经济是一个整体，合理的产业结构是国民经济健康发展的前提条件。为此，国家必须确定产业发展政策，对于战略产业以及其他产业规定必要的发展措施，对于伴随着经济和技术的发展而出现的生产资料和劳动力迅速转移的部门采取必要的调控手段，以实现产业结构的合理化。在建立社会主义市场经济体制的过程中，国家要充分培植各种要素市场，但市场的自然发育可能出现资源配置的盲目性，造成失误和浪费，这也需要国家运用宏观调控手段，在自觉运用市场规律的前提下，通过改变产业间的资源分配、或对某些产业的组织形式进行干预、或对某些产业的技术水平提出要求，以引导、指导、鼓励实现各产业部门间的资源合理配置，减少资源的浪费和盲目的市场竞争所可能造成的对国家整体利益的损害。可以说，无论是国民经济发展过程，还是社会主义市场经济体制的建立，都有对产业结构调节的要求，而规定产业结构调节关系的基本准则就是产业结构调节法。
产业调节在很大程度上是一个生产力问题，影响产业结构的因素又很多，随着经济、社会和科技的发展，产业结构越来越复杂，对其发展趋势的预见和掌握需要有高度的科学性和风险意识性，这些都决定着产业结构调节法具有其特殊性:
1、综合性。产业结构调节法作为国家宏观调控的重要法律，其调整对象、调整方法都具有显著的综合性特征。首先，产业结构调节的对象是一国国民经济的整体，涉及到资源配置、劳动力配置及投资规模方向等重大的宏观调控问题，产业结构调节法的调整对象则是在以上重大宏观调控活动中所产生的各种社会关系，这些关系中主体多样、层次结构复杂，具有综合性；其次，由于调整对象的综合性，为实现产业结构调节法促进资源合理配置和经济持续、稳定、健康增长的目的，必然要求采取综合性的调整方法，运用综合调控手段。
2、指导性。从立法结构上讲，产业结构调节法应属于宏观调控法中的龙头法，它对于整个宏观调控立法具有指导意义。产业结构调节法所规定的立法目标和原则，以及它所建立的各项基本制度、调控手段等对于其他宏观调控立法都具有指导意义，这也是由于产业结构调节法调整对象的特殊性质所决定的。产业结构调节法实际上是协调规划、计划、财政、金融、价格、外贸等调控手段的综合性法律，它所涉及的都是直接的社会公共利益整体，因此它也必须对整个宏观调控法具有指导性。
3、协调性。现代市场经济的发展要求国家及其代表者政府的经济作用成为维护和保护有效的市场经济运行、引导和促进社会经济发展的一种内在条件和有机组成部分，要求对产业结构的法律调整成为现代市场经济法律体系的基本内容，进而要求产业结构调节法成为协调市场调节机制与国家调节机制的重要法律之一。产业结构的合理化、资源的合理配置以及国民经济增长后劲的强弱都涉及到多种因素，产业结构调节法正是通过科学的预测和决策来调控市场的运行，克服市场机制的自发性、盲目性，协调局部与整体的关系，协调经济与环境保护的关系，协调个体利益与社会公共利益的关系。
4、灵活性。随着经济与科技的不断发展，产业结构日趋复杂，过去合理的产业结构可能变为经济继续发展的严重障碍，支持过去产业结构的基本理论也可能被新的经济和社会发展所摈弃，这就需要建立新的产业结构，寻求支持新的产业结构的新理论。这些变化反映到法律上，就必然要求对原有的法律进行修改和调整，以适应新的经济增长的需要。根据一定时期内经济发展的整体目标确定不同的产业政策，在立法上突出不同的调控方法是产业结构调节法的又一特点。
二、产业结构调节法的基本原则
产业结构调节法的原则是指贯穿在整个产业结构调节法中的基本指导思想，也是产业结构调节法规范所必须遵循和贯彻的基本准则。它起着维系、保证产业结构调节法的统一、协调与稳定作用。归纳起来，产业结构调节法的基本原则包括：
（一）决策原则
决策原则就是要求在国民经济管理中，根据经济预测和评价，提出选择方案，用系统的观点加以分析、比较，以选出最佳方案，由国家或政府作出意思表示并对此负责。
现代社会经济的发展，使得产业调节方案的选择既重要又困难，影响的因素越来越多。为了实现某一目标，可供选择的方案很多，但确定方案的风险很大。战后英国工业发展以发展纺织、采矿、造船、冶金等传统部门为主，尽管这些产业原来有优势，结果都延缓了英国经济的发展速度和现代化步伐，这是选择产业结构调整方案失败的例子；日本战后则由于选择战略产业比较正确而促进了经济的迅速发展。由此可见决策的重要作用。
进行科学的决策，必须要有科学的决策机构和决策程序。决策必须是建立在科学的基础之上，必须有大量的基础性资料和准确的预测评价，绝非个人意志和主观臆断、不负责任的独断专行，也不是朝令夕改、变化多端、揣摸不定的"土政策"。决策一经作出，就必须落实，产生相应的法律效力。决策者必须对其决策行为负责，决策失误应承担相应的法律责任。
产业结构调节法就是要通过规定国家或政府在宏观调控中的地位、作用、职责权限、法律责任以规范决策行为，保证决策的科学性、稳定性和权威性。
（二）平衡原则
平衡原则是指将国民经济的各种人力、物力、财力的资源和需要的有关比例，进行定量分析并进行调整，达到相互适应、协调同步，这是产业结构合理配置的基本要求。平衡是互相促进，而不是互相扯后腿；是相互制约，而不是相互扯皮；是顾全大局，而不是本位主义。它要求在国民经济和社会发展总体上有综合平衡，国家在经济管理中要做到资源、劳力、财政、信贷、物资、外汇以及生态等内部平衡和它们之间各个方面之间的相互平衡，并且这种平衡是动态的、开放性的相对平衡。
建立社会主义市场经济体制，产业调节的灵魂是平衡，是注重资源的合理配置和优化组合，以充分发挥整体资源效益。过去相当长时期，我们片面追求工农业生产的发展速度，提出过比例服从速度等错误主张，导致国民经济比例失调和经济效益低下，由于过分重视工业而忽视农业、过分重视重工业而忽视轻工业，导致了轻重比例失调；由于重生产轻流通，而未将商业、服务业放在应有的地位上，使得商业、服务业长期落后。现在这些失误大都已经得到克服，有的也正在纠正，但教训是深刻的，必须全面地加以总结和分析，寻求平衡的有效途径。
产业结构调节法正是从两方面坚持平衡原则，首先是确定国家产业结构合理配置的基本方法和途径，确定平衡的基本内容；其次是规定各法律关系主体的活动范围和权限，规定各种产业的地位和作用，从整体上把握平衡，保证国民经济全局的稳定和健康发展。
（三）调整原则
调整原则是指国家自觉地、主动地对国民经济发展速度、规模、比例等方面的关系进行调节和制约，并通过立法将一定历史时期的产业调节重点体现出来。调整是产业结构调节法最经常也是最基本的手段，是产业结构调节法的主要任务。可以说，没有调整就没有产业结构调节法。
宏观调控法在其产生之初是以危机对策法的形式出现的，具有明显的临时性和外在性。但随着经济社会化程度的不断提高，国家或政府的经济作用不再仅仅止于临时对付经济危机，进而成为一种常在的和长期的社会经济机能，并渗透于市场经济机制之中。至今，政府在市场经济中的作用，已成为维护和保障有效的市场经济运行，引导和促进社会经济发展的一种内在条件和有机组成部分。大量的、长期存在的经济立法成为国家自觉地、主动地调控经济运行的经常手段。它灵活地运用产业调节法律规范，直接确定不同时期、不同条件下的产业结构政策，影响国民经济发展的规模和速度，保障长期稳定的增长。
保证国民经济的协调、长期稳定的持续增长，必须实行调整原则，从战略布署、综合平衡、分配比例等各方面进行调整。这种调整不是头痛医头、脚痛医脚，更不是出现了问题以后的临时措施，而是一种政府经常的、连续性的行为，既要保持相对稳定，又要给以灵活的调节和制约。调节和制约的目的是为了扬长避短、兴利除弊，以使国民经济保持旺盛的活力，既不大起大落、忽高忽低，也能及时发现和克服潜在的危险。
三、产业结构调节法的基本制度
产业结构调节法的价值目标是通过对产业结构的宏观调控，充分利用市场机制，促进资源合理配置，实现国民经济持续、稳定、健康地增长。为实现此目标，产业结构调节法必须建立相应的法律制度，这些制度主要包括：
（一）整体产业结构规划制度
整体产业结构规划是国家或政府根据一定时期内社会经济发展的情况提出的产业结构的长期设想。在完全的市场机制作用下，产业结构也会自发地形成并发展到高级化阶段，欧美国家在过去大多经过了这样的历程，但它们的产业结构高级化过程长期曲折，而且付出了极大的代价；因而，有些后起国家尤其是日本在经济起步时即按照欧美国家已形成的产业结构，自觉地规划自己的产业结构从低级到高级发展的步骤和措施，从而以较小的代价和较短的时间完成了产业结构高级化的进程。我国在过去计划经济体制下也有关于产业结构的规划，但那些规划是在产品经济条件下进行的，与发展社会主义市场经济的要求不相适应。如何按照市场经济的要求制定产业结构规划？是我们面临的新问题。
整体产业结构规划制度是法律所规定的关于产业结构整体规划工作的原则、程序、权利、义务和法律责任等规范。整体产业结构规划是直接影响到国民经济和社会发展整体的事业，它是牵涉到国民经济各部门、各环节的综合性工作，规划涉及的内容复杂、范围广泛，因此，必须通过法律规范规划工作的程序，明确各主体的权利义务，并规定相应的法律责任以保证规划的实施。
（二）保护、扶植战略产业制度
战略产业是一国为实现产业结构高级化目标所选定的对于国民经济发展具有重要意义的具体产业部门。这些部门是各国根据不同的经济和技术发展水平和对未来经济技术发展的预见来确定的。保护扶持战略产业是各国实现产业结构合理化的一项重要措施。
保护扶持战略产业的法律制度是关于确定战略产业的标准、程序以及保护和扶持战略产业的法律措施和手段的总和。
战略产业的确定是保护和扶植的前提，而依不同的经济理论又可以提出不同的标准。国家要根据社会经济发展的整体规划和需要来制定相应的标准，以规范形式界定战略产业。一般而言，国家选定的战略产业应是对国民经济的稳定持续发展具有重要意义的产业，主要包括：1、新兴产业，即那些在新技术基础上发展起来的朝阳型产业；2、成长产业，即那些由于技术革新而飞跃发展，并在国民经济中举足轻重的传统产业；3、出口产业，即已经或可能发展的具有国际竞争能力的那些产业。
战略产业确定以后，必须采取相应的保护和扶植措施，以促进战略产业的高速发展，实现产业结构的合理化、高级化。这就需要通过制定一系列法律，具体地规定保护和扶植战略产业的手段和措施。这些手段和措施通常表现为各种贸易保护、投资优先、税收优惠、技术引进措施，且以单行法或个别法的形式出现。如日本的《企业合理化促进法》、《租税特别措施法》、我国的《国家高新技术产业开发区高新技术企业认定条件和办法》等。
需要说明的是，有些新兴产业和成长产业经过一段时间的发展就可能转变为衰退产业，成为调整和援助的对象，这样就需要不断地确定新的战略产业，并制定相应的保护、扶植措施。因此，这一类法律通常是个别法而且实施具有一定的时间性。
（三）调整、援助衰退产业制度
衰退产业即所谓的夕阳产业，一般是指经过一段时间发展后出现衰退或处于困境中的产业。这些产业对于国民经济的整体发展还具有一定的意义，对于社会的安定也有不可忽视的作用，因此，必须采取调整和援助措施以维持其发展。日本在战后最早出现的衰退产业是煤炭业，以后是纺织业、造船业、有色金属业、石油化工业等等，对此，日本制定了各种调整和援助法律。调整、援助衰退产业制度就是法律规定的关于发展和调整、援助衰退产业的各种手段和措施的总和。
及早发现已经和行将陷入衰退的产业，及时采取措施进行救援和调整，以减少经济损失和社会动乱是调整、援助衰退产业制度的基本目标。因此，有必要根据不同产业的不同特点制定相应的法律，实行各种援助政策，调整设备、调整内部结构，促使其顺利地缩减过剩设备，缩小规模和顺利转移资本与劳力，实行整体产业结构的不断调整。
对于衰退产业的调整和援助虽然不是一国产业结构调节法的重点，但由于衰退产业直接影响到整个国民经济发展速度和经济效益，更重要的是它直接影响到社会的安定，因而是各国普遍重视的一个问题。衰退产业的顺利调整是劳动力和资本合理流动的必要条件，也是产业结构向合理化高级化发展的必经过程，因此，关于衰退产业的调整、援助措施的选择也就十分重要而且迫切。
（四）促进产业结构合理化的其他相关制度
影响产业结构合理化的因素很多，促进产业结构合理化也必须有相应的配套措施，其中最主要的制度有：
1、技术进步制度
产业结构高级化必须具备两个条件：即资金能力和技术结构的高级化，可以说产业结构高级化的核心是技术结构的高级化。因此，国家的技术发展战略以及相应的技术进步法律制度都必须以适应和促进产业结构的合理化和高级化为立法目标。
2、能源结构调整制度
能源作为最基本的生产资料之一，对经济发展的作用不容置疑。一国的能源结构与产业结构也是直接相关的。一些国家能源消费结构经历了以煤炭为主向石油为主的转换过程，产业结构也相应发生了重要的变化。由于这两者之间的关系密切，各国都十分注意采取有利于产业结构合理化的能源调整制度，如发展节能型产业，尽可能利用廉价能源，节省资本和劳动的投放，以提高劳动生产率等。
3、区域开发制度
区域开发是关于一定区域内经济和社会发展的整体布局，具体而言是确定一定区域的功能和发展目标，统一考虑工业、农业、城市、乡村、生产和生活等各个方面的统筹安排。区域开发中的生产力布局也是与产业结构设置直接相关的问题。如发展规模经济必须要求有相对集中的工业布局，但是工业过于集中又会引发人口密集、城市急剧膨胀、环境污染等一系列问题。如何合理布局也就成为产业结构调节法所必须考虑的因素之一。
4、环境保护制度
中华人民共和国测绘成果管理规定(附英文)
中华人民共和国测绘成果管理规定(附英文)
（1989年3月21日中华人民共和国国务院令第32号公布 自1989年5月1日起施行）
规定
第一条 为加强对则绘成果的管理，保证测绘成果的合理利用，提高测绘工作的经济效益和社会效益，更好地为社会主义现代化建设服务，制定本规定。
第二条 本规定所称测绘成果，是指在陆地、海洋和空间测绘完成的下列基础测绘成果和专业测绘成果：
（一）天文测量、大地测量、卫星大地测量、重力测量的数据和图件；
（二）航空和航天遥感测绘底片、磁带；
（三）各种地图（包括地形图、普通地图、地籍图、海图和其他有关的专题地图等）；
（四）工程测量数据和图件；
（五）其他有关地理数据；
（六）与测绘成果直接有关的技术资料等。
第三条 国务院测绘行政主管部门主管全国测绘成果的管理和监督工作，并负责组织全国基础测绘成果及其有关专业测绘成果的接收、搜集、整理、储存和提供使用。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门主管本行政区域内测绘成果的管理和监督工作，并负责组织本行政区域内基础测绘成果以及有关专业测绘成果的接收、搜集、整理、储存和提供使用。
国务院有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府有关部门负责本部门专业测绘成果的管理工作。
军队测绘主管部门负责军事部门测绘成果的管理工作。
第四条 测绘成果应当实行科学管理，建立健全规章制度，运用现代科学技术手段，及时、准确、安全、方便地提供使用。
第五条 测绘成果应当根据公开（公开使用、公开出版）和未公开（内部使用、保密）的不同性质，按照国家有关规定进行管理。
第六条 基础测绘成果保密等级的划分、调整和解密，经国务院测绘行政主管部门会同军队测绘主管部门商国家及军队保密主管部门决定后，由国务院测绘行政主管部门发布。
专业测绘成果保密等级的划分、调整和解密，由有关专业测绘成果管理部门确定，并报同级测绘行政主管部门备案；其密级不得低于原使用的地理底图和其他基础测绘成果的密级。
各部门、各单位使用保密测绘成果，必须按照国家保密法规进行管理。保密测绘成果确需公开使用的，必须按照国家规定进行解密处理。
保密测绘成果的销毁，应当经测绘成果使用单位的县级以上主管部门负责人批准，严格进行登记、造册和监销，并向提供该成果的管理机构备案。
第七条 国务院有关部门和地方有关部门完成的基础测绘成果以及有关专业测绘成果，必须依照规定按年度分别向国务院测绘行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门汇交下列成果目录或者副本：
（一）天文测量、大地测量、卫星大地测量、重力测量的数据和图件的目录及副本（一式一份）；
（二）航空、航天遥感测绘底片和磁带的目录（一式一份）；
（三）地形图、普通地图、地籍图、海图、其他重要专题地图的目录（一式一份）；
（四）正式印制的各种地图（一式两份）；
（五）有关重大工程测量的数据和图件目录（一式一份）。
第八条 外国人经中华人民共和国政府或者其授权部门批准，在中华人民共和国境内及境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内单独测绘或者与中华人民共和国有关部门合作测绘的成果，依据本规定进行管理，其成果的所有权属分别为：
（一）外国人或者外国人与中华人民共和国有关部门合作在中华人民共和国境内测制的测绘成果，均属中华人民共和国所有；
（二）外国人与中华人民共和国有关部门合作在中华人民共和国境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内测制的测绘成果，应当在不违反本规定的前提下，由双方按合同规定分享；
（三）外国人在中华人民共各国境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内测制的测绘成果，必须向中华人民共和国测绘行政主管部门提供全部测绘成果的副本或者复制件。
第九条 需要使用其他省、自治区、直辖市的基础测绘成果的单位，必须持本省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门的公函，向该成果所在省、自治区、直辖市的测绘行政主管部门办理使用手续。
需要使用其他省、自治区、直辖市专业测绘成果的单位，按专业成果所属部门规定的办法执行。
第十条 军事部门需要使用政府部门测绘成果的，由总参谋部测绘主管部门或者大军区、军兵种测绘主管部门，通过国务院测绘行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门统一办理。
政府部门或者单位需要使用军事部门测绘成果的，由国务院测绘行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门，通过总参谋部测绘主管部门或者大军区、军兵种测绘主管部门统一办理。
第十一条 测绘行政主管部门应当对本行政区域内测制的测绘成果负责质量监督管理。
各有关部门和单位测制的测绘成果，必须经过检查验收，质量合格后方能提供使用。
第十二条 测绘成果实行有偿提供。有偿提供测绘成果的办法和收费标准由国务院测绘行政主管部门商有关测绘成果的管理部门后，会同国务院物价行政主管部门另行规定。
第十三条 测绘成果不得擅自复制、转让或者转借。确需复制、转让或者转借测绘成果的，必须经提供该测绘成果的部门批准；复制保密的测绘成果，还必须按照原密级管理。
受委托完成的测绘成果，受托单位未经委托单位同意不得复制、翻印、转让、出版。
第十四条 国务院有关部门对外提供中华人民共和国未公开的测绘成果，必须报经国务院测绘行政主管部门批准。地方有关部门和单位对外提供中华人民共和国未公开的测绘成果，必须报经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门批准。为了确保重要军事设施的安全保密，各送
审单位对外提供未公开的测绘成果的具体办法，按国务院的有关规定执行。
第十五条 中华人民共和国境内及境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内的重要地理数据（包括位置、高程、深度、面积、长度等），应当经国务院测绘行政主管部门审核报国务院批准后，由国务院或者其授权部门发布。
第十六条 对测绘成果管理做出重大贡献或者显著成绩的单位和个人，予以表扬或者奖励。
第十七条 测绘成果质量不合格给用户造成损失的，由该测绘成果的测绘单位赔偿直接经济损失，并负责补测或者重测；情节严重的，由测绘行政主管部门处以罚款或者取消其相应的测绘资格。
第十八条 有下列行为之一的单位，按以下规定，给予行政处罚：
（一）对违反国家规定的测绘成果收费标准，擅自提价收取测绘成果费用的，依照《中华人民共和国价格管理条例》的规定没收其非法所得，可以并处相当于非法所得金额三至五倍的罚款；
（二）对发生重大测绘成果泄密事故的，由测绘行政主管部门给予通报批评，并按本规定第十九条规定追究单位负责人的责任。
（三）对未经提供测绘成果的部门批准，擅自复制、转让或者转借测绘成果的，由测绘行政主管部门给予通报批评，可以并处罚款。
第十九条 有下列行为之一的个人，由其所在单位或者该单位的上级主管机关给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任：
（一）丢失保密测绘成果，或者造成测绘成果泄密事故的；
（二）未按本规定第十四条规定履行报批手续，擅自对外提供未公开的测绘成果的；
（三）测绘成果管理人员不履行职责，致使测绘成果遭受重大损失，或者擅自提供未公开的测绘成果的；
（四）测绘成果丢失或者泄密造成严重后果以及对造成测绘成果丢失或者泄密事故不查处的单位负责人。
第二十条 当事人对行政处罚决定不服的，可以在接到处罚通知次日起十五日内，向作出处罚决定部门的上级行政主管部门申请复议；对复议决定不服的，可以在接到复议决定次日起十五日内，向人民法院起诉；当事人也可以在接到处罚通知次日起十五日内，直接向人民法院起诉，期满不起诉又不执行的，由作出处罚决定的行政主管部门申请人民法院强制执行。
第二十一条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院有关部门和军队，可以依照本规定结合实际制定实施办法。
第二十二条 本规定由国务院测绘行政主管部门负责解释。
第二十三条 本规定自1989年5月1日起施行。
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE AD-MINISTRATION OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN SURVEY AND DRAWING
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE AD-
MINISTRATION OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN SURVEY AND DRAWING
(Promulgated by Decree No. 32 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on March 21, 1989 and effective as of May 1, 1989)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated with a view to strengthening the
administration of achievements in survey and drawing, ensuring the
rational use of achievements in survey and drawing, and increasing the
economic and social benefits of survey and drawing so as to render a
better service in socialist modernization.
Article 2
The "achievements in survey and drawing", as mentioned in these
Provisions, refer to the following achievements in basic survey and
drawing and in specialized survey and drawing that are completed on land,
at seas and oceans, and in space:
(1) the data and pictures from astronomical survey, geodetic survey,
geodetic survey completed on artificial satellites, and gravitational
survey;
(2) the data, recorded on negatives and magnetic tapes, that are collected
from aerial survey and airborne remote sensing survey;
(3) various kinds of maps (including topographic maps, ordinary maps, land
registry maps, sea charts, and other relevant specialized maps);
(4) the data and pictures from engineering survey;
(5) other relevant geographical data; and
(6) technical data directly related to achievements in survey and drawing.
Article 3
The competent authorities for the administration of survey and drawing
under the State Council shall be in charge of the administration of and
supervision over the achievements in survey and drawing of the whole
country, and shall also be responsible for the organizational work for the
reception, collection, sorting out, storage, and provision for use, on a
nationwide scale, of the achievements in basic survey and drawing and the
relevant achievements in specialized survey and drawing. The competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under the
people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be in charge of
the administration of and supervision over the achievements in survey and
drawing within their respective administrative areas, and shall also be
responsible for the organizational work for the reception, collection,
sorting out, storage, and provision for use, within their respective
administrative areas, of the achievements in basic survey and drawing and
the relevant achievements in specialized survey and drawing.
The departments concerned under the State Council and the departments
concerned under the People's governments of various provinces, autonomous
regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be
responsible for the administration of the achievements in specialized
survey and drawing of their respective departments. The competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing in the armed
forces shall be responsible for the administration of the achievements in
survey and drawing in military departments.
Article 4
With respect to achievements in survey and drawing, scientific
administration shall be practised, rules and regulations be instituted and
perfected and modern scientific and technical means be employed so as to
provide the achievements for timely, accurate, safe and convenient use.
Article 5
The achievements in survey and drawing shall, in light of their different
natures-those open to the public (i.e. to be openly used, or openly
published), and those kept from the public (i.e. to be used only within
restricted departments, or kept confidential), be administered in
accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.
Article 6
The security classification, readjustment, and declassification of
achievements in basic survey and drawing shall be promulgated by the
competent authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under
the State Council after the competent authorities for the administration
of survey and drawing under the State Council and the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing in the armed
forces have jointly consulted with the competent authorities for guarding
secrets of both the State and the armed forces.
The security classification, readjustment, and declassification of
achievements in specialized survey and drawing shall be determined by the
department concerned for the administration of achievements in specialized
survey and drawing and they shall also be reported to the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing at the same level
for the record; and their classes of security shall not be lower than
those of the originally used geographical base maps and of other
achievements in basic survey and drawing.
Various departments and units must, in using classified achievements in
survey and drawing, carry out administration in accordance with the
relevant laws and regulations of the State on guarding secrets. In the
event that classified achievements in survey and drawing have to be used
openly, they must go through the process of declassification in accordance
with the relevant regulations of the State.
The destruction of classified achievements in survey and drawing shall be
approved by the person in charge of the competent authorities at or above
the county level of the user unit of the said achievements in survey and
drawing. The classified achievements in survey and drawing to be destroyed
shall be duly registered and recorded, and then destroyed under
supervision; and the destruction shall also be reported, for the record,
to the administrative department that had provided the said achievements.
Article 7
With respect to the achievements in basic survey and drawing and the
relevant achievements in specialized survey and drawing made by the
departments concerned under the State Council and by the local departments
concerned, the departments mentioned above must submit annually, in
accordance with pertinent provisions, to the competent authorities for the
administration of survey and drawing under the State Council or to the
competent authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under
the people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, a catalogue or its
duplicate listing the following achievements:
(1) a catalogue and its duplicate (one copy of each) of the data and
pictures from astronomical survey, geodetic survey, geodetic survey
completed on artificial satellites, and gravitational survey;
(2) a catalogue (one copy) of the data, recorded on negatives and magnetic
tapes, that are collected from aerial survey and airborne remote sensing
survey;
(3) a catalogue (one copy) of topographic maps, ordinary maps, land
registry maps, sea charts, and other important specialized maps;
(4) various kinds of officially printed maps (in duplicate);
(5) a catalogue (one copy) of the data and pictures collected from survey
of important engineering projects.
Article 8
The achievements - made in survey and drawing by foreigners independently
or in cooperation with the departments concerned of the People's Republic
of China, within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or
outside the land territory of China, in the sea areas that are under the
jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, with the approval of the
government of the People's Republic of China or the approval of a
department authorized by it - shall be administered in accordance with
these Provisions. The proprietary rights of the aforesaid achievements
are stipulated as follows:
(1) the achievements made in survey and drawing by foreigners
independently or in cooperation with the departments concerned of the
People's Republic of China within the territory of the People's Republic
of China shall all belong to the People's Republic of China;
(2) the achievements made in survey and drawing by foreigners in
cooperation with the departments concerned of the People's Republic of
China, outside the land territory of China, in the sea areas under the
jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall, on the premise of
not violating these Provisions, be shared between the two parties
concerned in accordance with the stipulations in the relevant contract;
(3) with respect to those achievements made in survey and drawing by
foreigners independently outside the land territory of the People's
Republic of China, in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's
Republic of China, the aforesaid foreigners must provide the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing of the People's
Republic of China with a duplicate or a reproduction of all the
achievements made in their survey and drawing.
Article 9
Where a unit has the necessity to make use of the achievements in basic
survey and drawing made by other provinces, autonomous regions, or
municipalities directly under the Central Government, the said unit shall
go through the procedures for the use of the aforesaid achievements in
survey and drawing by presenting an official letter written by the
competent authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and
drawing of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under
the Central Government where the unit is located, to the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the
Central Government where the achievements have been made.
Where a unit has the necessity to make use of the achievements in
specialized survey and drawing of other provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, the case shall be
handled in accordance with the procedures stipulated by the department,
under whose administration the aforesaid achievements in specialized
survey and drawing are placed.
Article 10
Where a military department has the necessity to make use of the
achievements in survey and drawing made by government departments, the
case shall be handled in a unified manner by the competent authorities for
the administration of achievements in survey and drawing under the
Headquarters of the General Staff, or by the competent authorities for the
administration of achievements in survey and drawing under military region
or the services, in cooperation with the competent authorities for the
administration of achievements in survey and drawing under the people's
governments of the various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government. Where a government
department or a unit has the necessity to make use of the achievements in
survey and drawing made by military departments, the case shall be handled
by the competent authorities for the administration of achievements in
survey and drawing under the State Council, or by the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
under the people's governments of the various provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under Central Government, in
cooperation with the competent authorities for the administration of
achievements in survey and drawing under the Headquarters of the General
Staff, or with the competent authorities for the administration of
achievements in survey and drawing under military region or the services.
Article 11
The competent authorities for the administration of achievements in survey
and drawing shall be responsible for the quality control and
administration of the achievements in survey and drawing made within the
boundaries of their own administrative areas. The achievements in survey
and drawing made by the various departments and units concerned must be
subject to the procedures for checking up and acceptance; and only those
which are up to the standard shall be provided for use.
Article 12
The provisions of achievements in survey and drawing shall be non-
gratuitous. The procedures and the rate of fees for the non-gratuitous
provision of achievements in survey and drawing shall be stipulated
separately, after consultation with the administrative department for the
achievements in survey and drawing in question, by the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
under the State Council in conjunction with the competent authorities for
the administration of commodity prices.
Article 13
Achievements in survey and drawing shall not be duplicated, transferred or
lent out without permission. Where it is truly necessary to duplicate,
transfer or lend out achievements in survey and drawing, the approval from
the department that is to provide the needed achievements in survey and
drawing must be obtained; where the classified achievements in survey and
drawing are duplicated, they must be subjected to the administration
corresponding to the original security class.
As regards achievements in survey and drawing made through entrustment by
unit, the trustee unit may not duplicate, reprint, transfer, or publish
the said achievements without the permission of the entrusting unit.
Article 14
When a department concerned under the State Council provides a foreign
party with achievements in survey and drawing of the People's Republic of
China that have not yet become open, the said department must submit the
case, for approval, to the competent authorities for the administration of
achievements in survey and drawing. When a local department or unit
concerned provides a foreign party with achievements in survey and drawing
of the People's Republic of China that have not yet become open, the said
department or unit must submit the case, for approval, to the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
under the people's government of a province, an autonomous region, or a
municipality directly under the Central Government. In order to safeguard
the security and secrets of important military installations, the specific
measures for all units which submit for examinations any achievements in
survey and drawing to be provided for the use of a foreign party and that
have not yet become open shall comply with the pertinent provisions of the
State Council.
Article 15
The important geographical data (including position, altitude, depth,
area, and length) collected in the territory of the People's Republic of
China and in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic
of China, shall be submitted, for examination and verification, to the
competent authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and
drawing under the State Council, and then to the State Council for
approval before they are published by the State Council or by its
authorized agencies.
Article 16
Units and individuals that have made great contributions to, or achieved
remarkable results in, the administration of achievements in survey and
drawing shall be commended or rewarded.
Article 17
If the inferior quality of the achievements in survey and drawing has
resulted in losses on the part of the user, the unit that has undertaken
the said survey and drawing shall compensate for the direct economic
losses mentioned above, and be responsible for conducting supplementary
survey and drawing; if the case is serious, the competent authorities for
the administration of achievements in survey and drawing shall impose a
fine on the said unit or revoke its corresponding qualifications for
survey and drawing.
Article 18
Any unit that has committed one of the following acts shall be given
administrative sanctions in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) with respect to a unit which, in violation of the state provisions on
the rate of fees for the provision of achievements in survey and drawing,
has raised and collected without authorization the charges for
achievements in survey and drawing, the illegal gains of the said unit
shall be confiscated in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations
of the People's Republic of China on the Control of Prices, and a fine
equal to 3 to 5 times the said illegal gains may be imposed concurrently;
(2) with respect to a unit which has been held responsible for a major
divulgence of classified achievements in survey and drawing, the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
shall issue a circular criticizing the said unit, and the responsibilities
of the person-in-charge of the said unit shall be investigated in
accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of these Provisions;
(3) with respect to a unit which has duplicated, transferred, or lent out
achievements in survey and drawing without the approval from the
department that provides the said achievements, the competent authorities
for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing shall issue a
circular criticizing the said unit, and a fine may also be imposed
concurrently.
Article 19
An individual who has committed any of the following acts shall be given
administrative sanction by the unit where he/she works, or by its higher
competent authorities; if the act has constituted a crime, the criminal
responsibilities of the offender shall be investigated by judicial organs
according to law:
(1) an individual who has lost classified achievements in survey and
drawing, or who is held responsible for the divulgence of secret
achievements in survey and drawing;
(2) an individual who, in violation of the stipulation in Article 14 of
these Provisions regarding the procedures for examination and approval,
has provided without permission a foreign party with achievements in
survey and drawing that have not yet become open;
(3) the administrative personnel who have failed to carry out their duties
in safeguarding achievements in survey and drawing and caused great losses
or damage to the achievements in survey and drawing; or they have
provided, without permission, those achievements that have not yet become
open;
(4) an individual who has lost achievements in survey and drawing or
divulged secrets in this regard and caused serious consequences, and the
person-in-charge of the unit who fails to investigate and deal with such
incidents.
Article 20
If a party concerned refuses to accept the decision on administrative
sanction, he/she may, within 15 days from the next day of the receipt of
the notification on the administrative sanction, apply for reconsideration
to the competent administrative department at a higher level than the
department that has made the said administrative sanction; if the said
party does not accept the decision made after the reconsideration, he/she
may, within 15 days from the next day of the receipt of the
reconsideration decision, bring a suit before a people's court; the party
concerned may also directly bring a suit before a people's court within 15
days beginning from the second day of the receipt of the sanction
decision; if the party concerned neither brings a suit before the court,
nor carries out the sanction decision, the competent administrative
department that made the sanction decision shall apply to the people's
court for compulsory enforcement.
Article 21
The people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, the departments
concerned under the State Council, and the armed forces may formulate
rules for the implementation of these Provisions in accordance with these
Provisions and in the light of their respective conditions.
Article 22
The rights to interpret these Provisions shall reside in the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under the State
Council.
Article 23
These Provisions shall go into effect on May 1, 1989.
